Among some of the best practices followed by top investment managers, tax emerges as an important aspect to be considered. It is common to see advisors in other countries talking about pre-tax returns, and more importantly, post-tax returns. However, in India, we do not talk about post-tax returns when talking about the returns of bank fixed deposits.
As investors it is important for us to ask our financial advisors, bankers or agents about the post-tax returns. The impact of tax on investment decisions cannot be underestimated.
Fixed deposit - pre-tax vs. post-tax returns
Interest earned on fixed deposit (FD) is taxed at the tax slab rate of the individual. If an individual decides to invest Rs 10,00,000 in an FD for a period of 1 year at 9 per cent interest rate(approx), pre-tax interest earned during the year would be Rs. 90000. Tax on the interest earned at 10 per cent tax rate would be Rs 8000, and net amount earned by the investor would be Rs 81000.
This translates into a net return is 8.1 per cent, which is much lower that the presumed return.
Would you decide to invest in an FD, if the net return from it was viewed 8.1 per cent instead of an overall return of 9 per cent?
Fixed income - debt mutual funds
Long-term capital gains on investments in debt mutual funds are taxed either at 10 per cent flat rate on 20 per cent indexed. Average return of short-term debt funds in the last 3 years is 11 per cent. If an individual decides to invest Rs 10,00,000 in a short-term debt mutual fund, pre-tax returns earned for one year would be Rs 1,00,000. At a flat 10 per cent tax, Rs 10,000 would the tax amount. Net capital gain would be Rs 10,000, whereas post-tax interest earned would be 9 per cent.
Equity(Shares & Mutual Funds) - no long-term capital gains
Equity exposure is an important aspect of any portfolio that is built. In India, the government has provided an excellent incentive for long-term investors, by keeping capital gains at 0 per cent. Prudent portfolio building with long-term vision and enough risk weighted exposure to equities can go a long way in building wealth.
Lets say, you dont know in which stock to invest in??? You can switch over to mutual funds, where you can do a one-time investment and wait for a month/year or invest in SIP(Systematic Investment Plan) periodically i.e monthly for a period of 12months or according to your wish. Here you can generate a higher return as compared to other investments. Because in mutual Funds, the highly trained AMCs allocate limited amount in various stocks which will fetch you the best returns. If we see for last 3 years, the average return on all the mutual funds stand at 20% which is much much higher than the other investments, and moreover if you invest for a minimum of period of more than 12months, then there is no capital gain tax even as there is TDS in case of FDs(Fixed Deposits).
Conclusion
'Why should I not invest is FD?' is the most common question asked by many. As explained in the above example, a debt mutual fund could yield more than your FD investment, and equities can give much higher return than Debt funds. This is counter-intuitive and against the popular perception. However, introduction of tax has shown the reality of these decisions.
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